Simulation of Crowding and Stampede on Evacuation Pedestrians in Pedestrian Facilities

In this paper, a crowded pedestrian flow simulation model based on cellular automata and interaction forces is proposed to study the crowding and stampede. The model uses a single pedestrian to occupy multiple cell spaces and defines the rigid and elastic parts of a pedestrian to achieve the flexibility of pedestrians. And, the model describes interaction forces such as push- force and friction to describe the interaction between evacuated pedestrians. The simulation reproduces the phenomena of movement block, mutual extrusion, and continuous stampede. The simulation results indicate that, by increasing the pedestrian absorption coefficient and antistampede coefficient, the number of pedestrian injuries can be effectively controlled. The push-force accumulates to the top near the exits, where it may lead to stampede; and the stampede is lagging.